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Pizzicato (; (イタリア語:pizzicato) (:pittsiˈkaːto), translated as ''pinched'', and sometimes roughly as ''plucked'') is a playing technique that involves plucking the strings of a string instrument. The exact technique varies somewhat depending on the type of stringed instrument. * On bowed string instruments it is a method of playing by plucking the strings with the fingers, rather than using the bow. This produces a very different sound from bowing, short and percussive rather than sustained. * On a keyboard string instrument, such as the piano, pizzicato may be employed (although rarely seen) as one of the variety of techniques involving direct manipulation of the strings known collectively as "string piano". * On the guitar, it is a muted form of plucking, which bears an audible resemblance to pizzicato on a bowed string instrument with its relatively shorter sustain. For details of this technique, see palm mute. When a string is struck or plucked, as with pizzicato, sound waves are generated that do not belong to a harmonic series as when a string is bowed.〔Matti Karjalainen (1999). ("Audibility of Inharmonicity in String Instrument Sounds, and Implications to Digital Sound Systems" )〕 This complex timbre is called inharmonicity. The inharmonicity of a string depends on its physical characteristics, such as tension, stiffness, and length. The inharmonicity disappears when strings are bowed because the bow's stick-slip action is periodic, so it drives all of the resonances of the string at exactly harmonic ratios, even if it has to drive them slightly off their natural frequency.〔Neville H. Fletcher (1994). ("Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos in Musical Instruments" ). Complexity International.〕 == History == The first recognised use of pizzicato in classical music is found in Tobias Hume's ''Captain Humes Poeticall Musicke'' (1607), wherein he instructs the viola da gamba player to use pizzicato ('thumpe'). Another early use is found in Claudio Monteverdi's ''Il combattimento di Tancredi e Clorinda'' (around 1638), in which the players are instructed to use two fingers of their right hand to pluck the strings. Later, in 1756, Leopold Mozart in his ''Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule'' instructs the player to use the index finger of the right hand. This has remained the most usual way to execute a pizzicato, though sometimes the middle finger is used. The bow is held in the hand at the same time unless there is enough time to put it down and pick it up again between bowed passages. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pizzicato」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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